Experts emphasize that RHD—which stems from untreated Strep A infections leading to acute rheumatic fever (ARF)—is entirely preventable. Globally and in Australia, the burden falls overwhelmingly on low- and middle-income countries and Indigenous populations. In Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities experience acute rheumatic fever at nearly 20 times the national rate, with school-aged children and adolescents particularly vulnerable.
The newly unveiled declaration establishes measurable targets and priorities, including investments in healthy housing, sanitation, antibiotic programs, and culturally safe healthcare. Public health leaders also stress the need for broader general practitioner awareness regarding Strep A and rheumatic fever symptoms, alongside targeted care that addresses systemic inequities and prioritizes women and girls, who face higher rates of the disease.
